Summit County Citizens Voice

A NASA satellite image of the desert Southwest.

Current dry spell matches some of the most severe conditions on record

By Summit Voice

SUMMIT COUNTY — With Colorado River flows at Lees Ferry during the past 10 years registering  the lowest levels ever in the historic record, University of Arizona researchers say the Southwest could already be in the midst of a major dry spell comparable to the 12th century drought that drove the Anasazi from the Four Corners region.

Their conclusion is based on a review of previous studies that document the region’s past temperatures and droughts.

“Major 20th century droughts pale in comparison to droughts documented in paleoclimatic records over the past two millennia,” the researchers wrote.

By figuring out when and for how long drought and warm temperatures coincided in the past, the team identified plausible worst-case scenarios for the future. Such scenarios can help water and other resource managers plan for the future, the team wrote.

“We’re not saying future droughts will be worse than what we see in the paleo record, but we are saying they could be as bad,” said lead author Connie A. Woodhouse, a UA associate professor of geography and regional development. “However, the effects of such a worst-case drought, were it to recur in the future, would be greatly intensified by even warmer temperatures.”

The team’s paper is part of the special feature, “Climate Change and Water in Southwestern North America,” scheduled for publication Dec. 13 in the Early Online edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

During the last 2,000 years, there have been several periods of severe and sustained drought that affected much of western North America.

During the Medieval period,  temperatures were about 1.8 degrees Fahrenheitabove the long-term average. Average temperatures in the Southwest have been warmer than that since 1990 and are projected to increase at least another 3.6 F (2 C) by 2100, Woodhouse said.

The most severe warm-climate drought in the Southwest within the last 1,200 years was 60 years long and occurred during the mid-12th century, according to research by Meko and others. That drought covered most of the western U.S. and northern Mexico.

For a 25-year period during that drought, Colorado River flow averaged 15 percent below normal, according to the tree-ring-based reconstruction of stream flow at Lees Ferry.

For every 1.8 degree Fahrenheit of warming in the future, Colorado River flow is projected to decrease between two and eight percent, Woodhouse and her co-authors wrote.

The Colorado River supplies water for cities and agriculture in seven western states in the U.S. and two states in northwestern Mexico. Los Angeles, Las Vegas, Denver, Phoenix, Tucson and Albuquerque are among the many cities dependent on Colorado River water.

“Even without warming, if you had one of those medieval droughts now, the impact would be devastating,” she said. “Our water systems are not built to sustain us through that length of drought.”

“As this drought unfolds you can’t really evaluate it until you’re looking back in time,” she said.

In recent decades, temperatures have been higher than during the previous 1,200 years, and future temperatures are predicted to be even warmer, Woodhouse said.

In addition, other research predicts that changes in atmospheric circulation will reduce the amount of winter precipitation the Southwest receives in the future, she said.

“The bottom line is, we could have a Medieval-style drought with even warmer temperatures,” Woodhouse said.

The paper by Woodhouse and her colleagues is titled, “A 1,200‑year perspective of 21st century drought in the southwestern North America.” Co‑authors are Glen M. MacDonald of the University of California, Los Angeles; Dave W. Stahle of the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville; and Edward R. Cook of Lamont‑Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, N.Y.

Filed under: climate and weather, Colorado, global warming, Summit County Colorado Tagged: | Colorado River, drought, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory, Lees Ferry, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, river flows, Southwest, Southwestern United States, Summit County Colorado, Summit County News